Python Programming

Object-Oriented Programming in Python

Beginner Lesson 6 of 10

Object-Oriented Programming

OOP is a programming paradigm based on objects containing data and methods.

Classes and Objects

class Dog:
    species = "Canis familiaris"  # Class attribute

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name  # Instance attribute
        self.age = age

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

# Create objects
buddy = Dog("Buddy", 3)
print(buddy.bark())  # Buddy says Woof!

Inheritance

class Animal:
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name

    def speak(self):
        raise NotImplementedError

class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Meow!"

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return f"{self.name} says Woof!"

Encapsulation

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, balance):
        self._balance = balance  # Protected
        self.__pin = "1234"      # Private

    @property
    def balance(self):
        return self._balance

    def deposit(self, amount):
        if amount > 0:
            self._balance += amount

Next Steps

Continue to Modules →